Alexander III of Macedon was tutored from age thirteen by Aristotle, who fed him the entire Greek intellectual canon. He inherited the throne at twenty when his father Philip II was assassinated in 336 BCE, and within thirteen years he had crushed Persian armies at Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela; conquered Egypt (where the priests proclaimed him and the son of Amun); founded Alexandria; ridden through Babylon and Persepolis; pushed across the Hindu Kush into the Punjab; and turned for home only when his exhausted men refused to march further east. He died in Babylon in June 323 BCE at thirty-two — possibly of typhoid, possibly of malaria, possibly of poison — leaving an empire stretching from Greece to the Indus and no chosen heir. The world that followed reshaped Egypt, , Persia and the eastern Mediterranean for the next three centuries; the cities he founded carry his name to this day.
Lifetime
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